The Impact of the New Deal on the United States Essay

The Impact of the New Deal on the United States The Great Depression, an era of great poverty, misery, and hopelessness, proved to be one of the most dreadful time periods in all of America’s history. During the Great Depression, dreams were lost and having a moderate amount of food everyday became a difficult challenge for many. Nonetheless, through the dark clouds, appeared the next president of the United States: Franklin Delano Roosevelt. By offering hope in his inaugural address, Roosevelt boosted morale and despair†¦show more content†¦In later days, Congress created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in June1933. This reform insured each bank deposited up to $2,500 a day and consequently, banks gained more trust from their investors. As money once again started to fl ow, it helped stabilize the financial situation of the country. After achieving this goal without difficulty, Roosevelt issued an executive order to create the Farm Credit Administration. The purpose of this was to provide low interest, long-term loans to farmers. Farmers then paid off mortgages and overdue taxes, bought back-lost farms, and purchased the needed seed, fertilizer, and equipment. The outcome of this program was quite obvious; farming would once again flourish and thus, more food available for the American people. In April, Roosevelt asked Congress to create a similar program expect for non-farming personal. Congress without hesitation passed the Home Owners Loan Corporation. It addressed the problem to those who could not pay off their mortgage. By 1936 it saved at least a million American families by granting them low interest, long-term mortgage loans. Other programs established because of the New Deal, were aimed for many unemployed Americans. Roosevelt in May of 1933 encouraged Congress to establish the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, with half a billion dollars for relief aid to be given directly toShow MoreRelatedFranklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States1221 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt was the thirty-second president of the United States. He was also the first and last president to serve four terms. Next, to Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, FDR’s presidency was one of the most challenging presidencies in the history of the United States. Throughout his presidency, he faced extremely hard tasks and while facing them he had promised the people prompt, vigorous action, and he was assertive with his Inaugural Address. In 1929, the longest economic downturn in AmericanRead MoreThe Constitutional Right Of Liberty Of Contract, By Franklin D. Roosevelt And His New Deal1494 Words   |  6 PagesAll through time The United States of America and the people running have had the debate regarding â€Å"economic Freedom.† Each President of the United States has handled the situation differently and a lot of that has to do with their parties. The Republican Party has believed that the only way to success is by achieving it, therefore their hard work should reflect towards their economic life and freedom. On the other side of things are the beliefs of the Democrats, their views in favor equal opportunityRead MoreHarry S. Truman: A Tremendously Influential President Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagespresident of the United States and was reelected in 1948 to serve a full term (â€Å"Biography of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). It is very clear that people all over the country adored Harry S. Truman for the many programs that he brought about to make life easier for those that struggled. However what he is remembered for most is for his amazing influence on the United States. Ha rry S. Truman was extremely influential during his time of leadership, but what makes him the most influential president in The United States is his roleRead MoreWaste Disposal Of The United States1269 Words   |  6 Pages Waste disposal in the United States is a vast and complicated enterprise. From the handling of regular household trash to hazardous, toxic waste materials, a great deal of infrastructure is required in order to best store and transport such materials in a way that does not conflict with communities. However, in point of fact, there is a great deal of trouble with the current waste-management systems of the United States: from destructive ecological effects to humanitarian concerns in low/under-privilegedRead MoreHow did the events of the 1930’s impact African Americans prospects?809 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿How did the events of the 1930’s impact African Americans prospects? Charlie Wilson The 1930’s was a time of great struggle in the USA. The New York stock market crashed in 1929 and triggered a spiral of economic depression, which hit African Americans hard. The Great Depression had a huge impact on African Americans. The Great Depression of the 1930s was catastrophic for all workers. But as usual, African Americans suffered worse, pushed out of unskilled jobs previously scorned by whites beforeRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement1018 Words   |  5 Pagesa trilateral trade agreement between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Signed January 1, 1994, NAFTA’s main purpose was to reduce trading costs, increase business investments, and help the United States be more competitive in the global marketplace. The agreement would eliminate all tariffs on half of all U.S. goods shipping to Mexico and introduce new regulations to encourage cross-border investments. According to President Bush, trade deals give birth to jobs, more jobs mean higher incomesRead MoreThe Iran Nuclear Deal : The Repercussions Facing Iran1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe Iran Nuclear Deal: The Repercussions facing Iran and the United States Almost four decades have past since Iran and the US have been on good terms, yet Iran and the United States continue to have a strained relationship. In 2006 when the UN Security Council passed Resolution 1696 and imposed sanctions after Iran refused to suspend its uranium enrichment program, the pre-existing strain from disagreements worsened. However, the two nations are now on better terms as of April 2, 2015, when IranianRead MoreTheu.s. Roosevelt s New Deal787 Words   |  4 Pages1950s, the federal state expanded drastically and had many effects on citizenship. During these times, America was facing the Great Depression, one the roughest times in American History. America was also facing many years of wartime through those years, which led to both problems and solutions for citizens. The federal state expanded from the workings of both the First and Second New Deal, the economic impact resulting from World War 2,and from the G.I. Bill. Roosevelt’s New Deal was a series of federalRead MoreThe Stock Market Crash Of 19291284 Words   |  6 Pagesbeginning in the United States, rippled across the whole world given that it was interconnected through the gold standard. The Dow Jones Industrial Average had gone from a high of 386 points to a low of 40.56 points by 1932. In fact, according to Dietmar Rothermund’s study of the global impact of the economic crisis, â€Å"all major factors contributing to the depression can be traced back to the United States of America†. As a matter of a fact, the historic loss of 30% of the United States’ real GDP fromRead MorePlanning Function at Boeing1164 Words   |  5 Pagesdefense contractor in the world and the largest exporter in the United States (Wikipedia, 2008). The management within this organization incorporates the four functions of management beginning with the planning function. Boeing is a large corporation that is well known all over the worl d that deals with many responsibilities. Legal, ethical, and social responsibilities are factors that have an impact on management planning. Boeing also deals with factors that influence the company’s strategic, tactical

Steve Jobs An Innovative Mastermind With Visions

Steve jobs was an innovative mastermind with visions that helped change the world. His mission statement simple yet sophisticated, â€Å"To make a contribution to the world by making tools for the mind that advance humankind† (Jobs, 1980). His obsessiveness, focus and passion for creativity has been turned into distinct procedures that allows Apple to deliver a steady line of products - with or without him. Steve Jobs was a charismatic leader with innovative ideas about what the future should look like. His will power and ability to think outside societal norms created a new market with products that consumers did not know they wanted. Many of his traits have led him to become the most successful entrepreneur of all time. It is one thing to envision your company growing, but it is another thing to envision your company’s product and services to completely change the way people communicate. It is less about the product and more about how the functionality of the product will change the mundane aspects of our everyday interactions. Job’s personality traits have become highly integrated at Apple that it will continue to deliver exceptional products and a business culture that prioritizes on customer experience. His focus was on the design of his products, none of which was demonstrated by any other entrepreneurs during or after his time. Investors, shareholder and consumers trusted and loved Steve Jobs ability to constantly develop next - generation products ensuring higherShow MoreRelatedSteve Jobs: Innovative Genius Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesSteve Jobs was an innovative mastermind with visions that helped change the world. He co-founded Apple inc. which is a well-known billion dollar company, and also invented products so popular, almost anyone you ask owns a product of his. In order to understand why Steve Jobs is an american cultural icon, one needs to have a description of his background and a critical analysis of his moral behavior. Born on the 24th of February, 1955, Jobs was born. Jobs biological parents were graduates of WisconsinRead MoreApple Inc. Company Analysis1848 Words   |  8 PagesApple Inc. was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1977, and the headquarters is primarily located in Cupertino, California. In 2011 Tim Cook became the new CEO. Apple has 116,000 employees, 35 key professionals including Tim Cook and he is also one of the eight board members. Apple Inc. Form-10K for their fiscal year ended September 24, 2016, shows that their net income has fluctuated over the years. In 2012, their net income was $156,508, 2013 was $170,910, 2014 was $182,795, 2015 was $233Read MoreApple s Competitive Strategies For The Consumer Electronics Market2054 Words   |  9 Pagesinvest in Apple without Steve Jobs’ leadership? Why or why not? Apple s Steve Jobs was not only the visionary behind Apple Computer but he was also the inspiring and revolutionary that changed the way the world used technology. Anyone following in those footsteps has an enormous challenge and an even bigger duty to uphold as far as standards for consumer satisfaction are concerned. Can Apple continue to be successful without their founding father and innovative mastermind? I believe so. Tim Cook

Essay about Kant´s Theory Categorical Imperative and its...

â€Å"Morality is not the doctrine of how we may make ourselves happy, but how we may make ourselves worthy of happiness†. Two things that are not compatible are what an individual should do and what the individual wants to do. When an individual does what they want to do they end up in a road that will lead them into immediate happiness but will not benefit them in the long run. On the other hand when the individual is doing what they should do it will bring them a feeling of discomfort and unhappiness but will benefit them at the end. The purpose of Kantianism is to tell us that morality is not to make us happy but the whole purpose is to do the right thing just for the sake of doing it. Eventually doing the right thing will lead us to our†¦show more content†¦Will is leading by reasons which forms two imperatives. Imperatives are the â€Å"shoulds† in our lives. Hypothetical imperative bring results but has nothing to do with morality. We should not blame o r praised if we do not have complete control over the consequences of our actions. Another imperative is categorical, categorical is universal. When having to do decision making if the person does not generalize their behavior without conflict then the decision should not be made. Kant’s morality is never relative but it is absolute. Kant said that it’s either right all the time or it’s not right at all. When it comes to lying Kant says lying is wrong even when it be used to save someone’s life or to do something that we feel correct like not hurting someone’s feelings. Kant says that doing well for ourselves is not always a good thing also when we do good things we sometimes end up hurting other people without us realizing it. Kant said that the emotions are not a reliable source when making moral actions because emotions are not stable they are constantly changing. People will disagree on discussing on whether respect is an emotion but Kant states that respect is something completely different than fear or desire. When given the example of having the opportunely to cheat when knowing that they won’t get cause Kant has his answer. Kant is not aShow MoreRelatedKantian Ethics And The Categorical Imperative Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesReason Book, I, Immanuel Kant, a prominent late Enlightenment Era German philosopher discusses his most famous ethical theory, the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† The â€Å"Categorical Imperative† is a proposed universal law in stating all humans are forbidden from certain actions regardless of consequences. Although this is the general definition of this ethical theory, the Categorical Imperative† exists in two above formulations, A strict interpretation of Categorical Imperative and a more liberal interpretationRead MoreKant And The Moral Law1451 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Kant argues that mere conformity with the moral law is not sufficient for moral goodness. I will argue that Kant is right. In this essay I will explain why Kant distinguishes between conforming with the moral law and acting for the sake of the moral law, and what that distinction means to Kant, before arguing why Kant was right. 2) Meaning of Kant’s Statement Why: According to Kant, we can control the will and meaning behind our actions. The morality of an action should be assessedRead MoreWhat Has Posterity Ever Done For Me By Robert Heilbroner1626 Words   |  7 Pagesregards to preserving the planet. In this paper, I will present Heilbroner s arguments for posterity, in relation to how we treat our environment. In addition, I will compare two ethical theories, Kant s Categorical Imperative to Mill s theory of Utilitarianism. I will then argue as to why Utilitarianism is more plausible in respect to Heilbroner s environmental view on posterity. Furthermore, I will point out why Kantian theory does not at all support the idea of environmental preservation for futureRead MoreThe Moral Value Of Ethics1261 Words   |  6 PagesDeontology Of the many theories non-consequentialism produces, one is called Deontology. This theory states the only way to complete a moral action is by doing ones duty. In Deontology, the end result is irrelevant meaning bad consequences have no affect on the morality of the action. The thesis I will prove is when deciding on the best course of action the principles of Deontology ethics and their emphasis on considerations of doing ones duty, offer effective framework for the moral value ofRead MoreKant s Critique Of Pure Reason Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesKant Modern Philosopher Immanuel Kant, was born in Prussia in 1724 and passed away in 1804. Kant wrote the famous book â€Å"A Critique Of Pure Reason† where he mentions and talks about David Hume, and how he himself was awoke from his stubborn beliefs. Many people find Kant’s Theory as a form deontological ethics; where actions of right and wrong. Does not depend on their consequences, but on whether they fulfill our duty and/or obligations. Immanuel Kant emphasized the idea that we have duties andRead MoreKant And Kant s Categorical Imperative1241 Words   |  5 Pages Immanuel Kant, an 18th-century moral philosopher, had contended that the fundamental principle of morality is the Categorical Imperative, from here will be additionally labeled as (CI) or otherwise mentioned. He supported his view by suggesting a pure moral philosophy; a metaphysics of morals that is not solely for rational beings to explore different ¬ sources of basic moral principles that are found th rough their own observational experience a priori, but additionally for the sake of morality asRead MoreKant s Categorical Imperative Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesutilitarianism, Kant was more focused on intent and action itself. This leads into one of Kantian ethics main ideals; you mustn’t treat another human being as a means to an end. Kant’s Categorical Imperative (CI) is a deontological theory, which relied heavily on his belief that humans are all capable of reason in the same manner, on the same level (A Brief Summary of Kant s Categorical Imperative, 2012). Kant recognized 2 kinds of moral ‘imperatives’, a hypothetical imperative (what must be doneRead MoreEssay on The Golden Rule in Kant and Mills Ethical Theories1320 Words   |  6 Pagesbad and right or wrong. It is a theory dealing with values that relate to human behaviour; with respect to their actions and purpose. The two most important philosophers that deal with ethics are Immanuel Kan t and John Stuart Mill. Kant’s ethical theory is Kantianism or deontological ethics. Mill’s ethical theory is utilitarianism. Both philosophers’ theories have many differences; Kant’s theory deals with conduct, seeking reason for good action in duty. Mill’s theory deals with consequences and maximizingRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Ethical Theory1527 Words   |  7 Pagesassess whether one s actions are just and whether we can truly make the right decision based on any ethical framework. An ethical structure such as Universalism, is most often associated with Immanuel Kant. Immanuel Kant was a philosopher of German descent, who lived from 1724- 1804 and was most notable for his work in ethics. Kant suggest that one should assess whether an act is right or wrong by weighing if it is honest, fair , respectful and just. Due to Immanuel Kant s frustration with theRead MoreKant And The Categorical Imperative1177 Words   |  5 PagesImmanuel Kant was a phi losopher who tried to work out how human beings could be good and kind outside admiration and devotion of traditional religions. Kant was a pessimist about human character and believed that we are by nature intensely prone to corruption. This became more clear to Kant after reading the work of philosopher David Hume. It was this that led him to formulate his life’s project, the desire to replace religious authority with the authority of reason, that is human intelligence. When

Obesity Is A Rising Epidemic Within The United States Essay

Introduction Affecting over 36% of the population, obesity is a rising epidemic within the United States. An estimated 75% of adults over the age of twenty are classified as overweight or obese (Kolata, 2016). The disease affects women more significantly than men, with a greater prevalence within African American and Hispanic ethnic groups. Extreme obesity (BMI 40), affects six percent, and growing, of the American populace. This rise in obesity correlates not lonely with a lower life expectancy but also a rise in numerous other non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, pulmonary ailments, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health issues. Although the obesity epidemic is seen mostly within developed countries, such as the United States, the non-communicable disease is showing advancing prevalence and incidence rates worldwide, including low and middle income countries. The World Health Organization estimates one billion people are classified as overweight or obese (Kapil, 2016). In ad dition to the plethora of additional health care problems, obese patients are often hard to treat as the health care system does not yet have the equipment to detect, measure, or treat possible underlying problems. The treatment of obesity and related conditions is currently estimated to reach $100 billion within the United States (Kapil, 2016). Accounting for more than 100,000 premature deaths each year, the disease is the second highest noncommunicable and preventable diseaseShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity Analysis1473 Words   |  6 PagesParents Child Caretakers Obesity in America is literally a growing problem, affecting every age group. Children are the most venerable group because they have no control over where they have dinner or how often they have fast food. Parents and guardians make decisions about food and are responsible for the health of children. Childhood obesity has more than doubled in the last twenty years. This is concerning because Type Two diabetes is a horrible, crippling disease that is affecting childrenRead MoreThe Ideal Healthcare Delivery For Developing Countries On Proper Nutrition And Food Consumption Rates1121 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes follows behind inactivity and obesity, both of which have increased during China’s economic boom. The nation has accepted the fact that we will have a high rise and development of cases of Diabetes in this century. Did you know that 20 million people have the disease, and that number is expected to double by 2025 (â€Å"Search Publications†)? A highly impor tant control group in this disease is simply educating the countries on proper nutrition and food consumption rates. Another factor thatRead MoreThe Importance Of Childhood Obesity894 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough some countries acknowledge the obesity epidemic, most countries are lagging behind in applying health policy to obesity prevention (Zhang et al., 2014, p. 179). With the exceptions of Quebec, Canada’s advertising policy is restricted to self-regulation with little monitoring in the intensity and frequency of unhealthy foods and beverages advertisements to children (Hawkes Harris, 2011, as cited in Hypertension Advisory Committee, 2013, p. 8). With this information, Canada’s current systemRead MoreObesity Statistics And Rankings : Obesity1442 Words   |  6 PagesObesity Statistics and Rankings The first national survey conducted in United States was in 1963. Many of the studies have suggested that child obesity epidemic is recent and unexpected. Over the last three decades, obesity rates have tripled in the U.S. One out of six children is obese and a one out of three child is overweight. The United States is ranked number one in the world. There has been some control and steadiness in the child obesity rates since 2008, but there are someRead MoreSocial Models Of Health : The Biomedical Model And The Social Model Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss first the increasing prominence of the social models and their relevance in addressing current population health issues. Second, this essay will discuss the effectiveness of social models when analysing the health-related causes of the obesity epidemic, an example of an issue in population health. Social models of health have a strong focus on the broad determinants of health: these being social, psychological, behavioural and biological (Browne, 2011). They consider both the proximal causesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Satirical Street Art That Sends Messages Of Awareness Of The Corrupt Society1626 Words   |  7 Pagesobese and 8% ate the survey.† With the rising awareness and prevalence, obesity has become an epidemic. In the United States alone, one of every five Americans are overweight, and one of every five are obese. Among the younger ages of childhood and adolescence, the National Health and Nutrition Examination reported that 17% of kids â€Å"age six through nineteen are obese.† This problem, of course, is not limited only to America. Studies performed by the United Nations have reported that in the year 2000Read MoreEssay about Childhood Obesity1310 Words   |  6 Pages If it being looked deeper with or without we realizing, obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, and all this evidence suggests that the situation is likely to get worse. In developed regions such as Europe, the United States of America, and in Australasia, the prevalence is high and increasing but in some developing countries even more extreme situations exist. For example, using World Health Organization standards for obesity, more than 70% of the adult Polynesian population in SamoaRead MoreEssay about Obesity and Fast Food1324 Words   |  6 PagesMany people in the United States believe that if it weren’t for fast food restaurants, they would not be overweight. People have even sued McDonald’s for their weight problem. While fast food may be one of the contributors to the obesity epidemic, it surely doesn’t stand alone. There are many more reasons why people living in the United States are overweight. Some of these reasons include problems within the school systems, peer pressure, education, and even just where a person lives. It’s clearRead MoreCauses Of Obesity In Western Countries1251 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity in Western Countries: Causes and Implications Over the past two-decades obesity has risenn at an alarming rate globally and now is reaching epidemic proportions in the western and industrialized countries†¦ USA. Obesity prevalence in the United states is among the highest globaly as its obesity rate is projected to climb from today’s 30-40% today to a shocking 70% in 20301 . In particular, childhood obesity exhibited the highest growth rate today, tripling the percentage of children overRead MoreObesity and Its Related Issues1510 Words   |  6 PagesObesity and its related issues; diabetes, coronary disease, osteo-disease, and liver and renal failure, is an endemic problem in contemporary American society. So much so, for instance, that First Lady Michelle Obama has announced an initiative fighting obesity. She, too, is calling obesity an epidemic and one of the greatest threats to the future health of the United States. Her approach is multifaceted, concentrating on education, availability of healthy foods, and ex ercise programs for youth so

Shadow Kiss Chapter 4 Free Essays

string(30) " essentially a cooking class\." FOUR IT BEGAN. At first, things weren’t too different from any other day. Dhampirs and Moroi attended separate classes in the first half of the school day, then joined up after lunch. We will write a custom essay sample on Shadow Kiss Chapter 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Christian had most of the same afternoon classes I’d had last semester, so it was almost like following my own schedule again. The difference was that I was no longer a student in these classes. I didn’t sit at a desk or have to do any of the work. I was also a lot more uncomfortable since I had to stand at the back of the room the entire time, along with other novices who were guarding Moroi. Outside the school, this was what it was usually like. Moroi came first. Guardians were shadows. There was a strong temptation to talk to our fellow novices, particularly during times when the Moroi were working on their own and talking amongst themselves. None of us cracked, though. The pressure and adrenaline of the first day had us all on good behavior. After biology, Eddie and I started using a bodyguard technique called pair guarding. I was near guard and walked with Lissa and Christian for immediate defense. Eddie, being far guard, walked farther away and scanned the larger area for any potential threats. We followed this pattern for the rest of the day, up until the last class came around. Lissa gave Christian a quick kiss on the cheek, and I realized they were parting. â€Å"You guys don’t have the same schedule this time?† I asked with dismay, stepping over to the side of the hall to stay out of student traffic. Eddie had already deduced that we were parting and had stopped far guard duties to come talk to us. I hadn’t known how Lissa and Christian’s schedules lined up for this new semester. Lissa took in my disappointed look and gave me a sympathetic smile. â€Å"Sorry. We’re going to study together after school, but right now, I’ve got to go to creative writing.† â€Å"And I,† declared Christian loftily, â€Å"have to go to culinary science.† â€Å"Culinary science?† I cried. â€Å"You elected culinary science? That’s like the most brainless class ever.† â€Å"It is not,† he countered. â€Å"And even if it was †¦ well, hey, it’s my last semester, right?† I groaned. â€Å"Come on, Rose,† laughed Lissa. â€Å"It’s just one class period. It won’t be that – â€Å" She was cut off when a commotion broke out farther down the hall. We and everyone near us stopped and stared. One of my guardian instructors, Emil, had practically appeared out of nowhere and – playing Strigoi – reached for a Moroi girl. He swung her away, pressing her to his chest and exposing her neck as though he would bite her. I couldn’t see who she was, just a tangle of brown hair, but her assigned protector was Shane Reyes. The attack had caught him by surprise – it was the first one of the day – but he fumbled only a little as he kicked Emil in the side and wrested the girl away. The two guys squared off, and everyone watched eagerly. A few even whistled and shouted, cheering Shane on. One of the catcallers was Ryan Aylesworth. He was so fixated on watching the fight – which Shane, wielding his practice stake, had just about won – that he didn’t notice two other adult guardians sneaking up on him and Camille. Eddie and I realized it at the same time and stiffened, instinct readying both of us to spring forward. â€Å"Stay with them,† Eddie told me. He headed toward Ryan and Camille, who had just discovered they were being set upon. Ryan didn’t react as well as Shane had, particularly since he faced two attackers. One of the guardians distracted Ryan while the other – Dimitri, I now saw – grabbed Camille. She screamed, not faking her fear. She apparently didn’t find being in Dimitri’s arms as thrilling as I did. Eddie headed toward them, approaching from behind, and landed a blow on the side of Dimitri’s head. It hardly fazed Dimitri, but I was still amazed. I’d barely ever been able to land a hit on him in all our trainings. Eddie’s attack forced Dimitri to release Camille and face this new threat. He spun around, graceful as a dancer, and advanced on Eddie. Meanwhile, Shane had â€Å"staked† his Strigoi and jumped in to help Eddie, moving around to Dimitri’s other side. I watched, fists clenched in excitement, intrigued with the fighting in general and with watching Dimitri in particular. It amazed me that someone so deadly could be so beautiful. I wished I was part of the fray but knew I had to watch the area around me in case any â€Å"Strigoi† attacked here. But they didn’t. Shane and Eddie successfully â€Å"finished off† Dimitri. Part of me was a little sad at this. I wanted Dimitri to be good at everything. However, Ryan had tried to help and failed. Dimitri had technically â€Å"killed† him, so I felt a twisted comfort in thinking that Dimitri had still been a badass Strigoi. He and Emil praised Shane for being fast on his feet and Eddie for realizing we had to treat this as a group endeavor rather than one-on-one trials. I got a nod for watching Eddie’s back, and Ryan was chastised for not paying attention to his Moroi. Eddie and I grinned at each other, happy over getting high marks on this first test. I wouldn’t have minded a slightly bigger role, but this wasn’t a bad start to the field experience. We high-fived, and I saw Dimitri shake his head at us as he left. With the drama over, our foursome split up. Lissa gave me one last smile over her shoulder and spoke to me through the bond, Have fun in culinary science! I rolled my eyes, but she and Eddie had already rounded a corner. â€Å"Culinary science† sounded pretty impressive, but really, it was just a fancy term for what was essentially a cooking class. You read "Shadow Kiss Chapter 4" in category "Essay examples" Despite my teasing Christian about it being brainless, I had some respect for it. I could barely boil water, after all. Still, it was a lot different from an elective like creative writing or debate, and I had no doubts Christian was taking it as a blow-off class and not because he wanted to be a chef someday. At least I might get some satisfaction out of watching him mix a cake or something. Maybe he’d even wear an apron. There were three other novices in the class who were guarding Moroi. Since the culinary science room was large and open, with lots of windows, the four of us worked together to come up with a plan to pool our efforts and secure the whole room. When I’d watched novices do their field experiences in past years, I’d only ever paid attention to the fights. I’d never noticed the teamwork and strategizing that must have been going on. Theoretically, the four of us were here to only protect our assigned Moroi, but we’d slipped into a role where we were protecting the whole class. My post was by a fire door that led outside of the school. Coincidentally, it was right by the station Christian was working at. The class normally cooked in pairs, but there was an odd number of students. Rather than work in a group of three, Christian had volunteered to be by himself. No one had seemed to mind. Many still regarded him and his family with the same prejudice that Jesse did. To my disappointment, Christian wasn’t making a cake. â€Å"What is that?† I asked, watching him take out a bowl of some kind of raw, ground-up meat from the refrigerator. â€Å"Meat,† he said, dumping it onto a cutting board. â€Å"I know that, you idiot. What kind?† â€Å"Ground beef.† He pulled another container out and then another. â€Å"And this is veal. And this is pork.† â€Å"Do you have, like, a T.rex that you’re going to feed?† â€Å"Only if you want some. This is for meatloaf.† I stared. â€Å"With three kinds of meat?† â€Å"Why eat something called meatloaf if you aren’t actually going to get some meat out of it?† I shook my head. â€Å"I can’t believe this is only the first day with you.† He glanced down, focusing on kneading his tri-meat creation together. â€Å"You sure are making a big deal out of this. Do you really hate me that much? I heard you were screaming at the top of your lungs back in the gym.† â€Å"No, I wasn’t. And †¦ I don’t hate you at all,† I admitted. â€Å"You’re just taking it out on me because you didn’t get paired with Lissa.† I didn’t answer. He wasn’t that far off. â€Å"You know,† he continued, â€Å"it might actually be a good idea for you to practice with someone different.† â€Å"I know. That’s what Dimitri says too.† Christian put the meat into a bowl and started adding some other ingredients. â€Å"Then why question it? Belikov knows what he’s doing. I’d trust anything he says. It sucks that they’re going to lose him after we graduate, but I’d rather see him with Lissa.† â€Å"Me too.† He paused and looked up, meeting my eyes. We both smiled, amused at how shocked we were to have agreed with each other. A moment later, he returned to his work. â€Å"You’re good too,† he said, not too grudgingly. â€Å"The way you handled yourself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He didn’t finish the thought, but I knew what he was talking about. Spokane. Christian hadn’t been around when I killed the Strigoi, but he’d been instrumental in helping with the escape. He and I had teamed up, using his fire magic as a means of letting me subdue our captors. We’d worked well together, all of our animosity put aside. â€Å"I guess you and I have better things to do than fight all the time,† I mused. Like worry about Victor Dashkov’s trial, I realized. For a moment, I considered telling Christian what I’d learned. He’d been around the night it had all gone down with Victor last fall, but I decided not to mention the news just yet. Lissa needed to hear it first. â€Å"Yup,† Christian said, unaware of my thoughts. â€Å"Brace yourself, but we aren’t that different. I mean, I’m smarter and a lot funnier, but at the end of the day, we both want to keep her safe.† He hesitated. â€Å"You know†¦I’m not going to take her away from you. I can’t. No one can, not as long as you guys have that bond.† I was surprised he’d brought this up. I honestly suspected that there were two reasons he and I argued a lot. One was that we both had personalities that liked to argue. The other reason – the big one – was that we were each envious of the other’s relationship with Lissa. But, as he’d said, we really had the same motives. We cared about her. â€Å"And don’t think the bond will keep you guys apart,† I said. I knew the link bothered him. How could you ever get romantically close to someone when they had that kind of connection with another person, even if that other person was just a friend? â€Å"She cares about you. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I couldn’t bring myself to say â€Å"loves.† â€Å"She has a whole separate place for you in her heart.† Christian put his dish in the oven. â€Å"You did not just say that. I have a feeling we’re on the verge of hugging and coming up with cute nicknames for each other.† He was trying to look disgusted at my sentiment, but I could tell he liked being told that Lissa cared about him. â€Å"I already have a nickname for you, but I’ll get in trouble if I say it in class.† â€Å"Ah,† he said happily. â€Å"That’s the Rose I know.† He went off to talk to another friend while his meatloaf cooked, which was probably just as well. My door was a vulnerable position, and I shouldn’t have been chatting away, even if the rest of the class was. Across the room, I saw Jesse and Ralf working together. Like Christian, they’d chosen a blow-off class too. No attacks occurred, but a guardian named Dustin did come in to make notes on us novices as we held our positions. He was standing near me right when Jesse chose to stroll by. At first, I thought it was a coincidence – until Jesse spoke. â€Å"I take back what I said earlier, Rose. I figured it out. You aren’t upset because of Lissa or Christian. You’re upset because the rules say you have to be with a student, and Adrian Ivashkov’s too old. The way I hear it, you guys have already had a lot of practice watching each other’s bodies.† That joke could have been so much funnier, but I’d learned not to expect too much from Jesse. I knew for a fact that he didn’t care about Adrian and me. I also suspected he didn’t even believe we had anything going on. But Jesse was still bitter about me threatening him earlier, and here was his chance to get back at me. Dustin, standing within earshot, had no interest in Jesse’s idiotic teasing. Dustin would probably have an interest, however, if I slammed Jesse’s face into the wall. That didn’t mean I had to be silent, though. Guardians talked to Moroi all the time; they just tended to be respectful and still keep an eye on their surroundings. So I gave Jesse a small smile and simply said, â€Å"Your wit is always such a delight, Mr. Zeklos. I can barely contain myself around it.† I then turned away and surveyed the rest of the room. When Jesse realized I wasn’t going to do anything else, he laughed and walked away, apparently thinking he’d won some great victory. Dustin left shortly thereafter. â€Å"Asshole,† muttered Christian, returning to his station. Class had about five minutes left. My eyes followed Jesse across the room. â€Å"You know something, Christian? I’m pretty happy to be guarding you.† â€Å"If you’re comparing me to Zeklos, I don’t really take that as much of a compliment. But here, try this. Then you’ll really be glad you’re with me.† His masterpiece was finished, and he gave me a piece. I hadn’t realized it, but just before the meatloaf had gone in, he’d wrapped it in bacon. â€Å"Good God,† I said. â€Å"This is the most stereotypical vampire food ever.† â€Å"Only if it was raw. What do you think?† â€Å"It’s good,† I said reluctantly. Who knew that bacon would make all the difference? â€Å"Really good. I think you have a promising future as a housewife while Lissa works and makes millions of dollars.† â€Å"Funny, that’s exactly my dream.† We left the class in lighter moods. Things had grown more friendly between us, and I decided that I could handle the next six weeks protecting him. He and Lissa were going to meet in the library to study – or pretend to study – but he had to stop by his dorm first. So I followed him across the quad, back into the winter air that had grown chillier since sunset seven hours ago. The snow on the paths, which had turned slushy in the sun, had now frozen up and made walking treacherous. Along the way, we were joined by Brandon Lazar, a Moroi who lived in Christian’s hall. Brandon could barely contain himself, recapping a fight he’d witnessed in his math class. We listened to his rendition, all of us laughing at the thought of Alberta sneaking in through the window. â€Å"Hey, she might be old, but she could take on almost any of us,† I told them. I gave Brandon a puzzled look. He had bruises and red splotches on his face. He also had a few weird welts near his ear. â€Å"What happened to you? Have you been fighting guardians too?† His smile promptly disappeared, and he looked away from me. â€Å"Nah, just fell.† â€Å"Come on,† I said. Moroi might not train to fight like dhampirs did, but they got in brawls with each other just as often as anyone else. I tried to think of any Moroi he might have a conflict with. For the most part, Brandon was pretty likeable. â€Å"That’s the lamest, most unoriginal excuse in the world.† â€Å"It’s true,† he said, still avoiding my eyes. â€Å"If someone’s screwing with you, I can give you a few pointers.† He turned back to me, locking eyes. â€Å"Just let it go.† He wasn’t hostile or anything, but there was a firm note in his voice. It was almost like he believed saying the words alone would make me obey him. I chuckled. â€Å"What are you trying to do? Compel me – â€Å" Suddenly, I saw movement on my left. A slight shadow blending in with the dark shapes of a cluster of snowy pine trees – but moving just enough to catch my attention. Stan’s face emerged from the darkness as he sprang toward us. Finally, my first test. Adrenaline shot through me just as strongly as if a real Strigoi were approaching. I reacted instantly, reaching out to grab both Brandon and Christian. That was always the first move, to throw my own life before theirs. I jerked the two guys to a halt and turned toward my attacker, reaching for my stake in order to defend the Moroi – And that’s when he appeared. Mason. He stood several feet in front of me, off to Stan’s right, looking just as he had last night. Translucent. Shimmering. Sad. The hair on the back of my neck stood up. I froze, unable to move or finish going for my stake. I forgot about what I’d been doing and completely lost track of the people and commotion around me. The world slowed down, everything fading around me. There was only Mason – that ghostly, shimmering Mason who glowed in the dark and seemed like he so badly wanted to tell me something. The same feeling of helplessness I’d experienced in Spokane returned to me. I hadn’t been able to help him then. I couldn’t help him now. My stomach turned cold and hollow. I could do nothing except stand there, wondering what he was trying to say. He lifted one translucent hand and pointed off toward the other side of campus, but I didn’t know what it meant. There was so much over there, and it wasn’t clear what he was pointing at. I shook my head, not understanding but desperately wishing I could. The sorrow on his face seemed to grow. Suddenly, something slammed into my shoulder, and I stumbled forward. The world suddenly started up again, snapping me out of the dreamy state I’d just been in. I only barely managed to throw out my hands in time to stop myself from hitting the ground. I looked up and saw Stan standing over me. â€Å"Hathaway!† he barked. â€Å"What are you doing?† I blinked, still trying to shake off the weirdness of seeing Mason again. I felt sluggish and dazed. I looked into Stan’s angry face and then glanced over at where Mason had been. He was gone. I turned my attention back to Stan and realized what had happened. In my distraction, I’d completely spaced while he’d staged his attack. He now had one arm around Christian’s neck and one around Brandon’s. He wasn’t hurting them, but his point was made. â€Å"If I had been a Strigoi,† he growled, â€Å"these two would be dead.† How to cite Shadow Kiss Chapter 4, Essay examples

The Management of World Heritage Sites free essay sample

No two world heritage sites are alike but all share common problems such as the need for a delicate balance between visitation and conservation’ (Shackley 2000). Each World Heritage Site should have a management plan that deals with entry charges, potential damage to the heritage resources, congestion, reduction of visitors at peak times and dealing with specific types of visitors. World Heritage Sites act as a magnet for visitors because it is believed that World Heritage listing increases visitor numbers. According to UNESCO (1972) as was stated in the World Heritage Convention, ‘World Heritage Sites should retain and function in current community life while being conserved for transmission to future generations’. However tourism, especially excessive tourism at some of the World Heritage Sites place great deals of physical pressure on the sites and possible emotional pressures on the surrounding communities. It is therefore necessary that if a specific site is given World Heritage status that it is to be maintained and remain accessible to current and future generations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Management of World Heritage Sites or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Consequently managing tourism and tourists within the sites sustainably should be a critical issue (Garrod Fyall, 2000; Pederson, 2002). LITERATURE REVIEW OVERVIEW OF HERITAGE Heritage can be considered what we hold on to from the past, what we possess today and what we may pass on to those who are here after us. The heritage that we possess; both cultural and natural cannot be replaced and are considered a vital link to our past, especially for the future generations. There are many places in the world that possess qualities such as these; the wilds of East Africa’s Serengeti, the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Baroque cathedrals of Latin America, and these places make up the world’s heritage. World heritage sites are places where persons from any background can make a link to their past, these places do not just belong to the persons who live among them but to anyone that may have an interest in them and that could seemingly be anyone in the world (UNESCO 2009). Heritage attractions can be considered the â€Å"crown jewels† of the world’s natural and cultural heritage (Leask and Fyall 2006). According to UNESCO (2009) â€Å"The World Heritage List includes 890 properties forming part of the cultural and natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee considers as having outstanding universal value. These include 689 cultural, 176 natural and 25 mixed properties in 148 States Parties†. In order to have these World Heritage sites for future use certain missions were put in place by UNESCO (2009) such as; * encourage countries to sign the World Heritage Convention and to ensure the protection of their natural and cultural heritage; * encourage States Parties to establish management plans and set up reporting systems on the state of conservation of their World Heritage sites; * help States Parties safeguard World Heritage properties by providing technical assistance and professional training; * encourage participation of the local population in the preservation of their cultural and natural heritage; * encourage international cooperation in the conservation of our worlds cultural and natural heritage. It can be said that many heritage visitor attractions are not commercial businesses but serve a more educational purpose. Due to this fact heritage sites depend heavily on financial or voluntary assistance from the government or Trusts (Leask and Yeoman 1999). Heritage visitor attractions are not all the same and are perceived differently by individuals. For example Leask and Yeoman (1999, 176) confirm that: Heritage visitor attractions range from small, unmanned individual sites to clearly defined small-scale geographical areas that people visit for a limited period of time. The attractions offer ‘an experience’, an intangible product that visitors participate in to varying degrees and add their own values to. THE HERITAGE CUSTOMER The customer no longer sees a visit to an historic house, for example, as a privilege, but rather a right to spend their money however and where ever they choose. Long queues, poor interpretations, lack of parking, difficult access, poor value for money will send the visitor elsewhere, removing both any current financial revenue for the attraction as well as future revenue from repeat business or word-of –mouth advertising. The proper management of visitors has become just as significant in heritage attraction management as the nature of the attraction itself which a manager should not risk ignoring (Leask Yeoman 1999). TYPES OF VISITOR IMPACT AT WORLD HERITAGE SITES AND THE MANAGMENT OF THESE IMPACTS Overcrowding/Carrying Capacity Overcrowding is a problem that occurs at heritage sites and this is where there is not enough room for visitors to have a positive experience at a site due to the comfort restrictions of being too close to one another. Overcrowding also tends to occur in places where lines are backed up, like the entrance to the attraction or by the restrooms (Garrod 2008, 167). However, overcrowding can also occur when tour itineraries are organised badly at sites and coaches bring many tourists at one time to a particular site or areas within the site. An example of this is the Uluru World Heritage Site in Australia (Shackley 2006). Overcrowding also relates to carrying capacity in the sense that carrying capacity ‘is the maximum number of people who can use a site without an acceptable alternation in physical environment and without an unacceptable decline in the quality of experience gained by the visitor’ (Mathieson and Wall, 186). Inskeep (1991, 144) suggests ‘without an unacceptable adverse impact on the society, economy and culture of the tourism area’. Carrying capacity can be used to manage visitors within attractions/ World Heritage Sites that are aiming to be sustainable. Carrying capacity ‘recognizes the need to manage visitor usage and minimize the threat posed to the sustainable use of finite resources’ (Alipour et al n. d. ). Inskeep (1991, 144) states that even though carrying capacity is not always precise and assumptions have to be made the overall concept is reliable and it is useful in creating guidelines for tourism planning and site management. The Uluru has however constructed a new viewing area to solve its overcrowding/carrying capacity problems which accommodates double the number of people that the original site can accommodate. The park’s visitor and tourism manager is of the opinion that the new viewing area will solve the overcrowding problems (ABC News 2009). Long Term Capacity Planning Is the process of increasing capacity, which includes the redesigning of layout, expansion of existing or additional facilities. When planning for additional capacity effects such as parking and road congestion have to be taken into consideration. Stonehenge, which has been a World Heritage Site since 1986, had plans proposed at ? 35-40 million, the proposed development also included the re-routing of main and access roads (Leask and Yeoman, 1999, 157). UNESCO (2009) stated in the Stonehenge Management Plan Summary 2009 that: A three month public consultation on the future of Stonehenge took place between July and October 2008, which sought views on the revised World Heritage Site Management Plan, the proposed closure of the A303 and alternative locations for new visitor facilities This management plan was created after the U. K. government decided to cancel the A303 Stonehenge Road Improvement scheme on the basis of cost concerns and hopes that another solution would be found to relieve traffic congestion around the World Heritage property of Stonehenge (UNESCO 2007). Price Incentives Organizations are reluctant to place price incentives for fear it will drive away customers, however if this is not used it may result in overcrowding which will lead to complaints and negative word of mouth and hence loss of a good reputation. But if the heritage site is unique then the visitor will come anyways (Leask and Yeoman 1999, 160). According to Garrod and Fyall (2000, 685) heritage cannot be given a price because if this is done it just becomes another commercial asset, they also go on to state that if it becomes too expensive for visitors to visit the specific sites then what is the sense of preserving them. Charging admission controls visitor numbers and aids in the conservation of the heritage site. Shackley (2009, 7) states that many of the World Heritage Sites do not charge an entry fee. This is because in the case of urban centre’s it is impossible to collect one and because many curators or site managers find it culturally inappropriate. An example of this is the World Heritage Site of Machu Pichu in Peru which was listed in 1983. Buckley, purports that the site itself generates substantial revenue (estimated at US$6 Million), and the connecting town of Aguas Calientes has also benefited from the additional tourism revenue, resulting in greater economic security and assists against the damaging effects of drought. Site Hardening The value of protected areas is linked to the ability of managers to minimize tourism – related impacts, while accommodating increasing visitation (Farrell Marion, 2002; Marion Farrell, 1998). In order to achieve this there has to be a trade- off of the amount of persons visiting the facility, the type and size of the facility and site-hardening that is required and the condition of the facility ( Cahill, Marion, Lawson, 2008, 233). Site hardening is usually considered when there is an increase in visitors it is done to improve access as well as to protect the items or site from any degradation (Cole, 1990; Leung Marion, 1999). Inskeep (1991, 280), is of the opinion that it is necessary to prohibit access to fragile features within a site so he suggests only being able to view them. He also suggests the control of large amount of visitors to a particular site if certain degradation may be caused. An example of site hardening is the World Heritage Site of the Tower of London which was added to the list in 1988. According to Shackley (1999), a travelator system was installed to stop the back up of visitors at the popular Jewel House where there would be long queues at busy times. The travelator is switched on at busy times and only allows visitors to stay at a particular exhibit for a predetermined space of time. Restrictive Ticketing and Quota Systems This is an approach that may be taken to restrict the number of persons allowed in the attraction at any one time (Inskeep 1991). This includes the restrictions of the time of day, the length of stay, the size of the groups and the number of visitors permitted per day. This is done to prevent overcrowding or the effects from humidity (CO2) which many be damaging to the items within the facility or that facility itself. An example of this is the wall paintings in the Queen Nefertari tomb in Egypt, which is a World Heritage Attraction. Due to the humidity caused by large numbers of visitors spending periods of time within the enclosed tomb, it raises the humidity and causes the paint to flake off of the walls. It is because of this damage that there has been placed a limit of only 150 visitors a day, that are taken into the tomb in small groups with a time limit of 16 minutes (Garrod 2008, 168). Promoting Off-Peak Demand According to Leask and Yeoman (1999), this may include encouraging group visitors, or special events for quiet periods. Special prices for groups who may be potential future visitors or may through word of mouth bring potential future visitors. Stakeholder Participation in World Heritage Sites Sauter and Leisen (1999, p. 13) articulate the need for all stakeholders to be involved in the planning process this includes; groups, individuals – employees, customers, suppliers, governments, and members of the community. Stakeholders can be defined as ‘any group or individual who can affect o r is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives’ (Freeman, cited in d’Agnello and Go 2008, p. 431). Gray’s (1989, 11) definition of collaboration is â€Å" a process of joint decision-making among key stakeholders of a problem domain about the future of that domain† is one that is widely used by many persons in tourism settings and to assist in the decision-making within a community (Aas et al. , 2005; Jamal Getz. 1998: Selen. , 1999). It is assumed that local stakeholder groups are more concerned with bridging the impacts of resource use between generations and it can be said that local stakeholders have a better understanding of the economic, environmental and social needs and resources of a community and how they can be better integrated into the specific region (Milne Ateljevic , 2001). From the literature it can be seen that although stakeholder participation assists in strategic planning and hence sustainable development this theory is still highly contested due to the complications of the extent to which stakeholders become involved (Landorf, 2009, 3). The Visitor/ Tourist Experience The ‘tourist experience’ is defined by Page and Connell (2006, 483) as being, ‘a complex combination of objective, but predominantly subjective factors that shape the tourist’s feelings and attitude towards his or her visit’. Laws (1998) observed that each aspect of the visitor experience is important, this can range from the signage, car parking, quality of catering to the cleanliness of the toilets and if these things are not up to the visitors standards it can destroy the overall visitor experience. Graefe and Vaske (1987) emphasized that visitors respond negatively to overcrowding and can lead to the dissatisfaction or the displacement of the visitor. According to Swarbrooke and Horner (2001), there are two main factors that render it necessary to provide a positive ‘tourist experience’ and that is; tourist satisfaction creates repeat visitors and lowers the cost of locating and encouraging new visitors and secondly, positive word of mouth means less money has to go into the marketing of the attraction. It can be said that managing the tourist experience is vital in order to sustain visitor satisfaction and, inevitably, numbers’. However Page and Connell (2006) are pessimistic in t he notion of researching the tourist experience, stating that there are difficulties in doing so because each tourist has his or her own concept of what a good experience is. For example a visitor might be content with the core product but not with specific service elements. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW Upon re-examining the literature review, it was realised that it is important and necessary to develop strategic management techniques within World Heritage Sites in order to allow visitors to view the sites, with the ability to preserve and conserve them for future generations. Stakeholders should be involved in the management process of the World Heritage Sites even if it is only through volunteer work, however not all literary sources agree with the involvement of stakeholders. It is important to mitigate the negative impacts to each and every one of the world heritage sites at the same time as creating a positive ‘tourist experience’ for the visitor without compromising the feelings of the local community to the influx of a mass of visitors. It goes without saying that carrying capacity is important to manage visitor usage to protect our natural and historic capital for future generations, and is critical to any management plan. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION In order to carry out the analyses of the pragmatics of managing tourists at World Heritage Sites, specific questions have been raised as to; Why do tourists visit some World Heritage Sites and not others? What is the tourist experience of such sites? How successful are sites in the management of tourists? What roles do local communities play in site management? How can the ‘spirit of the place’ be protected in the sheer volume of tourists? How can some sites maximise the potential of a sustainable tourism for the purposes of poverty alleviation and community cohesion? How effective are communication strategies in bringing stakeholders together? Why Tourists Visit Some Sites and Not Others According to Swarbrooke (2002), it can be said that visitors may visit a pecific attraction or in this case a World Heritage Site because of two specific determinants and that is the target market that the attraction/site targets or the benefits sought meaning the benefits that the vis itor expects from visiting the site. Specific attractions will target markets based on age, sex, stage in the family life cycle, social class, the personality of the visitor and their lifestyles and the time that they visit the attraction. These headings will also be what influence the tourist to visit the particular attraction. For example a person that is married and does not have young children, is in a moderate social class, is educated and is relatively young may visit the tomb of Queen Nefertari in Egypt. Benefits sought on the other hand refer to the customer visiting a site based on status, nostalgia and easy access. An elderly person therefore will visit an attraction such as the Uluru in Australia where a new viewing site has been constructed to alleviate the overcrowding within the site, therefore an elderly person may choose this site based on the ability to learn about the site but also knowing that it is easily accessible and they will not be trampled or congested. The decision-making process of visiting a specific site is also based on if the customer is aware of the attraction, what the attraction offers, the special benefits and general facilities of the attraction and cost filters, example if there is value for money and the travel time to get there (Swarbrooke 2002). The Tourist Experience of Heritage Sites The ‘tourist experience’ as was stated earlier, is defined by Page and Connell (2006, 483) as being, ‘a complex combination of objective, but predominantly subjective factors that shape the tourist’s feelings and attitude towards his or her visit’. As was demonstrated in the literature above the visitor responds to perceived levels of crowding, bad signage and the overall atmosphere as well as all service elements of the specific site but each visitor has a different notion of what a ‘good experience’ is. Therefore it can be said that persons visiting the Tower of London may find the experience to be stimulating because they are interested in visiting more than one site that specific day and respond positively to the travelator system which allows them to stop at each point for only a short period of time, however the visitor who has travelled a great distance and as organised their day to peruse this specific site may respond negatively to being whisked from exhibit to exhibit possibly feeling they have not gotten value for money. The Successful Management of Tourists Within Heritage Sites and the â€Å"Spirit of the Place† In relation to the many examples given within the literature it can be said that the World Heritage Sites that were mentioned have successfully used specific demand and supply management techniques to manage the tourists within the sites. The sites have used measures such as the alleviation of overcrowding, long term capacity planning, price incentives, site hardening and restrictive ticketing and quota systems. These management techniques have assisted in the problems of overcrowding within and around the sites, wear and tear to the sites and the exhibits and artefacts within the site, traffic related problems and impacts on the community. This is due to the fact that in relation to cars and coaches being in the road and in the way of the local communities World Heritage Sites such as the Uluru in Australia and Stonehenge have put in place or are strategically planning alternative parking for the influx of visitors at peak times and also for the attractions that are not only based on foreign visitors but also the local community, the site hardening assists in the ability of all visitors to see the exhibits for the same amount of time without congestion as well as preserving the specific site for the future generations of the local community. By placing these management techniques within the World Heritage Sites, this also protects the ‘spirit of the place’ when there are numerous tourists because it alleviates the situation of overcrowding and hence it will prevent or decelerate getting to the stage of annoyance in Doxey’s Irridex theory where, the saturation point is approaching and residents have misgivings about the tourists between the locals (Mowforth and Munt 2003). Therefore the local community can focus on the earnings of the site, the jobs that the support services create and knowing that through effective site management that all artefacts and heirlooms that belong to the specific place and being effectively managed. Sustainable Tourism, Poverty Alleviation and Community Cohesion The World Heritage Site of Machu Pichu purports ,as was stated above, that the site itself generates substantial revenue (estimated at US$6 Million), and the onnecting town of Aguas Calientes has also benefited from the additional tourism revenue, resulting in greater economic security and assists against the damaging effects of drought. Therefore it can observed that Machu Pichu through the use of price incentives as a visitor management tool has not only alleviated the stresses of overcrowding and damaging environmental impacts such as the humidity of too many persons within a site causing degradation to the physical structures in order to create a sustainable site, has also used this management tool as a way to generate income for the local community and also a connecting town which assists in the alleviation of poverty as well as community cohesion. Bringing Stakeholders Together and the Local Community’s Involvement in Managment Leask and Fyall (2006, 13) affirm that it is difficult to balance tourism activity with the conservation role; this creates tension between all stakeholders that are involved. Each stakeholder is likely to have their own opinions, agendas and priorities which makes coming to an agreement sometimes impossible. Mc Kercher et al (2005) after considerable research states that ‘tourism and cultural heritage management often have an awkward relationship’, he goes on to suggest ‘formal partnerships may not be the best route to success. ’ Successful tourism will only occur where there is a realistic appreciation of the tourism asset and the core cultural values of the site are conserved and each stakeholder is given clearly defined roles. According to Garrod (2008, 175) the local community can enhance their participation by educating visitors and interpreting their culture for visitors this also gives them the authority to decide what to educate visitors about and what to interpret. Therefore it can be noted that stakeholders will not come together unless there are definitive roles established and effective communication is carried out between the stakeholders. Local communities play a role in site management by volunteering at the specific sites as most heritage sites do not generate a large amount of income, they also may be mangers of the specific site having to place the specific management techniques in place to preserve and conserve the sites or they may be a part of the support services and may be able to assist by giving effective and efficient information to visitors on how to treat the specific sites. CHALLENGES, RECCOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS The challenges faced by managers of World Heritage Sites is to conserve and preserve the attraction for future generations but this must be done without compromising the existing attraction when these modifications are made in order to successfully manage visitors in or around the attraction. As was reviewed in the literature, it appears as though it is relatively difficult to successfully incorporate the involvement of stakeholders in the planning and management of these specific sites as each manager/curator or person involved has their own agendas and ideas as to what is the correct way to handle the specific issues. However, stakeholders should be involved in the development process so as to allow the local community to voice their opinions and feel as though they have participated in the effective management of the World Heritage Sites within their community, this will also alleviate the feeling of resentment towards the influx of visitors to the specific sites. It is also recommended that there be constant monitoring and evaluation of the site, due to the fact that tourism and tourists are not always constant and the type of tourist to specific sites may change which means that they will be expecting a different visitor experience and the management techniques in place for that site may deter them from entering the specific site, therefore it cannot be assumed that one management technique once it is put in place cannot or should not be changed. In conclusion it can be said that World Heritage Sites are both an asset and a heavy obligation. The management of these sites is challenged by the conflicting demands of conservation, economic development and social equity therefore these issues have to be dealt with delicately to avoid overwhelming the site while still maintaining visitor needs. FUTURE DIRECTIONS World Heritage Sites have managed to implement the most effective strategies in order to manage visitors. It can only be assumed that these forms of visitor management will become more complex as time goes on such as the travelator at the Tower of London. The mangers and stakeholders involved in site management will develop better, more innovative and technical ideas in how to increase site management as well as improving the satisfaction of the ‘tourist experience’.

Day of Surprise Essay Example For Students

Day of Surprise Essay The Day of Surprise Essay Thats so cool! I exclaimed. In my hand was a Valentines Day card which folded to make a spaceship. I was in a Hallmark card shop with my father, looking at cards for the upcoming holiday. If I got you that card now, then it wouldnt be a surprise later, my father logically stated. But its neat! See, it folds into a spaceship. Ill get it for you but just act surprised for your mother when you open the card. Okay dad, I answered as we walked up to the counter. My father paid for the card and we left the store. It was a week before Valentines Day in 1987. I was nine years old and intensely anxious. Expectation for February 14 had overcome every other thought I previously had. It might seem funny to some that I held that one day with such great esteem, but to me it was unlike any other holiday. On Valentines Day I felt loved by everyone. On that day, I would obtain the card that I had picked out from my father. Classmates would give everyone Valentine cards. Some extremely generous kids would even attach candy to the cards. It didnt matter if you hated each other, on Valentines Day everyone put aside their differences and even presented cards to the children nobody liked. That one day of love seemed to unify the worst of foes through love and forgiveness. I could hardly wait for that day to come. As the night before Valentines Day had rolled around, anticipation had escalated to an all time peak. Nevertheless, it was all set aside as my parents once again started to fight. My brother and I were sent to the car in the garage so that we would not witness them fighting. We knew the routine. I was scared and I could still hear angry voices dueling back and forth. My brother was a senior in high school and even he seemed frightened when they fought. Although he tried to hide his fear, I knew he was afraid when my father would go on a rampage. An hour passed by and my brother and I decided to go back inside. The house was still. A pin could have dropped and we would of heard it. My father had gone to lay down in his bed. This action was suggested by the marriage counselor that my parents had been visiting. Whenever my father got angry, he was supposed to rest until he calmed down. The problem was that he would lay down after he had let out all his anger, verbally or physically. My mother came downstairs. She had gathered some stuff together. Come on, get your jackets and get in the car. After we went to our rooms to get our coats, we went outside and got into our old station wagon that my brother used to drive to school. My brother put the car in neutral and coasted out of our driveway and down the hill. At the bottom of the hill he turned the ignition and drove to a friends house to stay for the evening. My mother called my father from there. I was down in the basement with the two children of the family, talking to them. I mentioned that my parents might get divorced, but in my stomach I knew they wouldnt. How could my parents even discuss such a thing on Valentines Day? Besides, we were talking about my mother and my father. Divorcing only happens to other kids parents. I felt comforted as I drifted off to sleep. The next morning when I woke up, I was sick to my stomach. My allergies to the familys two Siamese cats must have acted up. My mother told me we were going home so to get dressed. We arrived home shortly. As we drove into the driveway I noticed all of the curtains were shut. .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 , .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 .postImageUrl , .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 , .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937:hover , .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937:visited , .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937:active { border:0!important; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937:active , .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937 .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud22ec5dd72f9fcf8c53c2d80b1407937:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hate crimes Essay We opened the door and stepped into the dark house. I looked around for my father but he wasnt there. I had learned that my father went to stay with a coworker. Where did Valentines Day go? Had I missed it? The whole idea of Valentines Day is to celebrate love and togetherness. Yet the decision to separate had come on this day of unity. I felt nauseous. My mother comforted me and told me my fathers move was temporary. However I now knew what .