The Carbon Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Diamonds

The Carbon Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Diamonds The word diamond is derived from the Greek word adamao, meaning I tame or I subdue or the related word adamas, which means hardest steel or hardest substance. Everyone knows diamonds are hard and beautiful, but did you know a diamond could be the oldest material you might own? While the rock in which diamonds are found may be 50 to 1,600 million years old, the diamonds themselves are approximately 3.3 billion years old. This discrepancy comes from the fact that the volcanic magma that solidifies into rock, where diamonds are found did not create them, but only transported the diamonds from the Earths mantle to the surface. Diamonds also may form under the high pressures and temperatures at the site of meteorite impacts. The diamonds formed during an impact may be relatively young, but some meteorites contain stardust - debris from the death of a star - which may include diamond crystals. One such meteorite is known to contain tiny diamonds over 5 billion years old. These diamonds are older than our solar system. Start with Carbon Understanding the chemistry of a diamond requires a basic knowledge of the element carbon. A neutral carbon atom has six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus, balanced by six electrons. The electron shell configuration of carbon is 1s22s22p2. Carbon has a valence of ​four since four electrons can be accepted to fill the 2p orbital. Diamond is made up of repeating units of carbon atoms joined to four other carbon atoms via the strongest chemical linkage, covalent bonds. Each carbon atom is in a rigid tetrahedral network where it is equidistant from its neighboring carbon atoms. The structural unit of diamond consists of eight atoms, fundamentally arranged in a cube. This network is very stable and rigid, which is why diamonds are so very hard and have a high melting point. Virtually all carbon on Earth comes from the stars. Studying the isotopic ratio of the carbon in a diamond makes it possible to trace the history of the carbon. For example, at the earths surface, the ratio of isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-13 is slightly different from that of stardust. Also, certain biological processes actively sort carbon isotopes according to mass, so the isotopic ratio of carbon that has been in living things is different from that of the Earth or the stars. Therefore, it is known that the carbon for most natural diamonds comes most recently from the mantle, but the carbon for a few diamonds is the recycled carbon of microorganisms, formed into diamonds by the earths crust via plate tectonics. Some minute diamonds that are generated by meteorites are from carbon available at the site of impact; some diamond crystals within meteorites are still fresh from the stars. Crystal Structure The crystal structure of a diamond is a face-centered cubic or FCC lattice. Each carbon atom joins four other carbon atoms in regular tetrahedrons (triangular prisms). Based on the cubic form and its highly symmetrical arrangement of atoms, diamond crystals can develop into several different shapes, known as crystal habits. The most common crystal habit is the eight-sided octahedron or diamond shape. Diamond crystals can also form cubes, dodecahedra, and combinations of these shapes. Except for two shape classes, these structures are manifestations of the cubic crystal system. One exception is the flat form called a macle, which is really a composite crystal, and the other exception is the class of etched crystals, which have rounded surfaces and may have elongated shapes. Real diamond crystals dont have completely smooth faces but may have raised or indented triangular growths called trigons. Diamonds have perfect cleavage in four different directions, meaning a diamond will separat e neatly along these directions rather than break in a jagged manner. The lines of cleavage result from the diamond crystal having fewer chemical bonds along the plane of its octahedral face than in other directions. Diamond cutters take advantage of lines of cleavage to facet gemstones. Graphite is only a few electron volts more stable than diamond, but the activation barrier for conversion requires almost as much energy as destroying the entire lattice and rebuilding it. Therefore, once the diamond is formed, it will not reconvert back to graphite because the barrier is too high. Diamonds are said to be metastable since they are kinetically rather than thermodynamically stable. Under the high pressure and temperature conditions needed to form a diamond, its form is actually more stable than graphite, and so over millions of years, carbonaceous deposits may slowly crystallize into diamonds.

How To Make Tree Cookies

How To Make Tree Cookies Ever heard of a tree cookie? Sadly, unless you are a termite, you cant eat them. But you can use them to unlock the past of a tree. From its age to the weather conditions and hazards it faced in its lifetime, tree cookies can be used to better understand trees and their role in the environment. So what is a tree cookie? Tree cookies are cross-sections of trees that are usually around 1/4 to 1/2 inch in thickness. Teachers and ecologists use them to teach students about the layers that make up a tree and to illustrate to students how trees grow and age. Heres how to make your own tree cookies and use them at home or with your students to learn more about trees. Making Tree Cookies Just as with edible cookies, tree cookies are made using a series of steps in a recipe. Start by selecting a tree with a trunk or thick branches that you can cut to reveal the tree rings. Take note of the type of tree it is and where it came from.Cut a log that is about three to six inches in diameter and three to four feet long. (You will cut this down later but it will give you a good section to work with.)Slice the log into Cookies that are 1/4 to 1/2 inch wide.Dry the cookies. Yes you will bake these cookies! Drying the cookies will help prevent mold and fungus from decomposing the wood and will preserve your cookie for many years to come. Set them in the driveway in the sun, or on a drying rack in the yard for several days. Air flow is more important than sunlight, but if you can get both, that would be perfect.Sand the cookies lightly.If these cookies will be used in the classroom, cover with a coating of varnish to help them withstand years of handling. What Can You Learn From A Tree Cookie? Now that you have your tree cookies, what can you do with them? Here are several ways you can use tree cookies at home or in your classroom to teach students about trees. Take a closer look. Start by having your students examine their tree cookies with a hand lens. They can also draw a simple diagram of their cookie, labeling the bark, cambium, phloem, and xylem, tree rings, center, and pith. This image from Britannica Kids provides a good example. Count the rings. First,  ask your students to take note of the differences between the rings - some are light colored while others are darker. Light rings indicate fast, spring growth, while dark rings show where the tree grew more slowly in the summertime. Each pair of light and dark rings - called an annual ring - equals one year of growth. Have your students count the pairs to determine the age of the tree.   Read your cookie. Now that your students know what they are looking at and what to look for, help them understand what else a tree cookie can reveal to foresters. Does the cookie show wider growth on one side than the other? This could indicate competition from nearby trees, a disturbance on one side of the tree, a windstorm that caused the tree to lean to one side, or simply the presence of sloped ground. Other anomalies that students can look for include scars (from insects, fires, or a machine such as a lawn mower,) or narrow and wide rings that may indicate years of drought or insect damage followed by years of recovery. Do some math.  Ask you students to measure the distance from the center of the tree cookie to the outermost edge of the last summer growth ring. Now ask them to measure the distance from the center to the outermost edge of the tenth summer growth ring. Using this information, ask them to calculate the percent of the trees growth that took place in its first ten years. (Hint: Divide the second measurement by the first measurement and multiply by 100.) Play a game. Utah State Universitys Forestry Department has a cool interactive online game that students can play to test their tree cookie reading skills. (And teachers, dont worry, the answers are there too if you need a little help!)

Vocation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vocation - Essay Example I believe that this overemphasis on money on the things that we do is one of the causes of many problems that we have right now. On the other hand, if we think too much about others, such as our community, family, we may forget our responsibility with our self. Thinking about others in choosing what we should do is good but just not excessively. The ideal way on how to choose with what to do with our lives is to strike a balance between ourselves and others. That is, determining what we really would like to do that will make us happy and balancing it with economic consideration if it could provide for our responsibilities in life. Equally important is for us also to ask if our choice could also benefit our, community, society, family, country and humanity in general. Such that when we do it, we make everybody happy, first is our â€Å"self†, then our community, our country and then mankind in general. As a guide on how to best choose with what to do with our lives, it is best to ask first â€Å"what will makes us happy?†, or â€Å"what is the thing that we would like to passionately?† This requires soul searching but when we have determined what it is that we would really like to do, the rest will follow. That includes the economic aspect because we would excel with what we do and thus, gets paid handsomely for it. In the process of determining what we would like to do, we should also consider the greater good of everybody because what good will an endeavor do if it does not do good to others except for one’s self? This is important because not all that we would like to do are appropriate or even legal which is why we have to ask if it will do good to our community and society. Thus, it goes without saying in selecting what we would like to do, we should also consider existing laws, our morals and social norm. If we have satisfied all these guidance in choosing what we would like to do, we did not only make

An Evaluation At Primark Stores Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

An Evaluation At Primark Stores - Essay Example They are expected to produce and market the products and services ethically and in an environment-friendly manner, provide good working conditions for the employees, etc,. Along with these, the organisations owe their revenues to the society, and thus have to pay back a part of it by serving the community at large. All these expectations in Toto make up the Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) of a firm. It is defined as, â€Å"a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis† ((Mcnall & Hershauer, 2011) CSR is a means of ensuring the sustainability of an organization. Unless it conducts the trade morally, the malpractices and loop holes in the operations may surface at any time and become the organisations’ weakness in winning the hearts of customers. Decent working conditions attract good job-seekers and make the organization a better place for the employees, this again reflects on their loyalty. When a percentage of profits are diverted towards community development, the company appeals to the attention of larger audience and helps it build a brand image. Finally, the stress on environment is the order of the day and there is growing concern in the consumers towards using eco-friendly products. Thus, CSR is a social investment that reaps huge competitive advantage to the companies and guarantees their viability in the competitive markets (Banerjee, 2007). 2. Primark Stores Primark is a chain of 235 clothing stores spread in 7 countries including Ireland, Spain, UK, Netherlands, Portugal, Germany and Belgium. Associated British Foods (ABF) plc., is its parent company. The clothing line offered by Primark include men, women, kids and baby clothing, accessories such as shoes and home linen and upholstery. Its competitive advantage lies in presenting variety to the fashion-conscious customers at affordable rates. The factors tha t allow Primark to sell high fashion products at such low prices are Bulk-buying merchandising only the most popular sizes Stream-lining of operations their easy and unsophisticated design logic low expenses on promotion good ties with suppliers 3. Corporate Social Responsibility at Primark Primark’s CSR is aligned according to the instructions drawn out by ABF. These initiatives fall into 6 categories under the Twinings Ovaltine Strategy Model developed by ABF. The model is illustrated in figure 1. The facets of this strategy pertinent to Primark are discussed in the following sections. Figure 1: Twinings Ovaltine Strategy Model of CSR at ABF (Source: Associated British Foods url: http://www.abf.co.uk/our-decentralised-approach.aspx) 3.1. Its People The company believes that its human resources are one of its main assets. All the employees are treated equally, provided with equal opportunities in case of employment, training, promotion, etc., based on their skill and ability . The company gives due regard to their safety during work. They abide by the regulations set by national and international statutory bodies in the countries where they operate. Harassment is considered as a crime. Primark accords due respect to the cultural differences among employees, who belong to different backgrounds. Open communication among the entire workforce is encouraged. The strong whistleblowing policy guarantees that the employees abide by Primark’s code of conduct (Werther & Chandler, 2011). 3.2. Upstream and Downstream

Jackie Chan Vs Harold Lloyd Essay Example for Free

Jackie Chan Vs Harold Lloyd Essay Originality or the issue of authenticity is a paragon of any discussion. Arguing who or what is original is tantamount to debating which came first whether the egg or the chicken and which came first, language or notion. Several critics are bombarded with the originality factor in evaluating a piece; be it literary, performing arts, scientific discovery, etc. The talk about the first to do this and that should be set a side as far as criticism is concern because there is no such thing as original. If there is this one original thing in the realm of concepts and tangible things, it could be traced on the immediate before and/or after of Earth’s primordial soup status. Taking the writing techniques of the modern time as an example, it started long time ago when the ancient people vandalized in caves and stones. The markings in the caves and stones that are evident up to the present evolved to writings in the leaves and other minute things that are easily carried. Generations passed by and the people learned to devise the scrolls and parchment to better preserve the writings that contained the manuscripts of what happened in their time. At present, with the help of the fast developing technology, and with the desire of the people to carry things and information to the next generations in a handy manner, writings can now be saved in electronic gadgets. Thus, the emerging technological advancement that caters to the preservation of writing in the present time has no right to argue with their precedent on originality, so as the other way around. People should understand that absolute authenticity can never be achieved since every new product that comes into the market is an innovation of an old product. This issue is also the same as the idolatry issue. It is improper to claim oneself as an origin of many things that are like him or her in one way or another. Movie actors and actresses for example copied their styles and techniques from the elders in their industry. However, these â€Å"elders† cannot deny the fact that their strategies and styles were adaptations of those older than them, example: people from the realm of theater. Yes, the adaptation of movie actors from theater actors is possible because the later people emerged in the entertainment industry earlier. But this theater people could not be considered the point of origin of acting as performing arts, note that prior to the development of theater, rhetoric in the form of public speaking was practiced by Phaedrus and many others during the ancient times. And the chain backed track on and on and on. Idolizing other people should not be taken negatively. In the first place, people idolize other people because of the inspiration that ones get from its idol. For a healthy society that evolves progressively through time, idolatry is normal. In fact it should be acknowledged and encouraged because it ignites innovativeness in the part of those who idolize; since they are inspired to reach what their idols got and even more that what their idol got. This is supported by Bob Ong, a Filipino writer—author of ABNKKBSNPLAK, Bakit Baliktad Magbasa ang mga Pinoy, Paboritong Libro ni Hudas, Almat ng Gubat, and Stainless Longanisa. In one part of his latest book, Stainless Longanisa, he said that idolizing helps people progress. He confessed that he is never ashamed of claming Robert Fulghum as his idol in writing because Robert figuratively pushes him to go further, reaches Robert, and even surpass Robert. A very fine example of this talk is Jackie Chan and Harold Lloyd. If we are to examine Jackie Chan’s comedy style, it is apparently influenced by Harold Lloyd. However, we have to put into our consciousness that the authenticity is out of the talk. In comparing and contrasting the two actors, the aim should be: to distinguish the specific effects or influence of Harold to Jackie and to differentiate their style if there is any identified difference. The comparison of the two can only be limited to the identification of their commonalities and difference and their style’s effects to the viewers because it is impossible to evaluate who is better between the two of them. First, they do not belong to the same generation. It would be unfair to Harold because during his time, movie and television technology is not that advanced compared to the time of Jackie. And second, the two have different set of audience so it would be a joke if we are to contest them based on a specific period of time e. g. Harold’s time or Jackie’s time. The evaluation of their appeal to their audience should be evaluated contextually. Harold’s evaluation should be based on his period and Jackie in Jackie’s period. One commonality of the two is that they both do stunts. Both Jackie and Harold hanged on helicopters, buildings, and busses. Jackies willingness to do his own stunts, originally the trademark feature of his movies, has gave him various injuries. Even though he is not scared of doing stunts, he admitted that he is Scared of needles and hates retaking shots. Because of the know-how on martial arts and stunts, Jackie personaly do these parts in his movies. While this claim was not scrutinized, he fells previledged on doing the most of them, including other character’s stunts if their faces will not be focused on the camera. In effects, his fondness build up an lengthy list of injuries. This is the reason why he is insurance companies all over the world do not risk of accepting any of his insurance applpications. While filming Armour of God He in 1985, death was near him. He fractured his skull when accidantally fell from a tree in an exhibition scene. In Jackie’s autobiographical sketch, he mentioned he originally created his screen persona in pattern to Bruce Lee with a mixed comedic style from many screen performers before him like Charlie Chaplin and Harold Lloyd. By looking into the comedy style of Jackie Chan, Harold Lloyd’s influence could be traced. In looking into the contributions and achievements of Lloyd in the American comedy film industry, the silent film era should be looked into. The era developed when Buster Keaton accomplished in his project with Arbuckle at the Talmadge Studios in New York City, where Arbuckle signed a contract to Joseph M. Schenck. Schenck provided him his own production unit, The Keaton Studio. He filmed several two-reel comedies which including Cops (1922), One Week (1920), The Playhouse (1921), and The Electric House (1922). He graduated to pantomime, full-length features after the success of these shorts. These films elevated Keaton making him one of the most popular comedians in the globe. At the time, he was speculatively the third most well known comedian in America behind Harold Lloyd and Charlie Chaplin. Harold Lloyd as one of the most famous and in demand comedians made nearly 200 comedy films, both sound and silent, from 1914 to1947. The film Glasses Character made him known as an innovative, success-seeking go-getter who was perfectly in timing with 1920s era America. His films subsequently featured thrill sequences of chasing scenes and daredevil physical features, which marked in the showbiz industry up to the present. One of his images that awed the people was that when he was hanging from the hands of a ticking clock that in Safety Last (1923), which was one of the most enduring scene in all of silver screen. Lloyd actually performed many of these dangerous stunts withut a double, despite having extremely injured in an accident when a prop bomb was blown up that resulted in the loss of his his right hand’s index finger and thumb. To measure the effectiveness of the two in their respective audiences, a contextual analysis was made. In this part, their educational background in relation to their profession and the recognitions that the received were considered. Both Chan and Lloyd have the sufficient background in their field of specialization, comedy.

The Andromeda Strain :: essays research papers

The Andromeda Strain is a fictional book that describes a five-day study of a deadly virus. This book takes place in 1966 in the town of Piedmont, Arizona. Even though the book takes place in 1966, the book seems extremely realistic. Through the five days, they do different tests do learn all about the Andromeda Strain. At times there will be brilliant discoveries, and at times the people will be stupid and ignorant. Overall, the book will keep you guessing of what the people will do. The main character in the book is Jeremy Stone. He is a scientist that goes on the ground to collect the Andromeda Strain, and also runs tests on it. He to has brilliant times, but also at times he doesn’t. He comes up with all different theories about the Andromeda Strain. Towards the end of the book, you learn something about what experiment he did, and he has to make a big decision on whether to use it or not. To find out what he does, all you have to do is read the book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I liked how Michael Crichton uses vocabulary in the book. He uses many medical terms and only describes a few of them. But, overall the vocabulary isn’t to bad, especially if someone you know, knows medical terms. I thought the book was really good. I had must of the time, had trouble putting the book down. It is a very good novel if you like diseases and medical theories. At times it isn’t going to be very exciting, but it will pick up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I would recommend this book to people who like or enjoy medicine and diseases because that is what it manly talks about. This book is for good readers that like tough vocabulary. Kids under the age of about thirteen shouldn’t read it because the reading is hard and heavy.

Object-oriented programming Essay

Now days, in a highly technological society, human productivity is made more efficient through the development of electronic gadgets. Now, with the advent of such modernization in education, one way to globalize the process of research is to realized that technology is advancing at an incredibly fast pace. Computers are not confined to being used for entertainment but its role in education is also vast. Library is derived from the old French â€Å"libraries† which means â€Å"a collection of book†. Reading material in a school are stored in libraries. Library is place in which books and related materials are kept for use but not for sale. It is also organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution or a private individual. In addition, it is a place in which we get information in any format and from many sources. The librarian has to keep the room neat so that it is conducive for learning. The librarian is also the person who is liable for monitoring all the books that are borrowed and returned by the borrowers. This project is concerned with developing a Library Inventory Management System using object oriented programming. In this system the library management becomes more efficient and easier to handle with its reliable system components. Many Library System are operated manually by group of people. In such situations many people in the process of managing the library such away that to keep records regarding to students or barrowers, check the books normally, keep records on issued books etc. The proponents use the visual basic as a basic programming language in a developing the system. Macromedia Flash will also be used for the design of the system. Related literature of Computerized Library system A library computer system is the software used to catalog, track circulation (where appropriate) and inventory a library’s assets. It is intended for home, church, private enterprise or other small to medium sized collections. Larger, First World libraries will typically use an integrated library system to manage the more complex activities such as acquisitions and the reference in book. Schools set the various pedagogical changes to achieve the current level of education in other countries. Because of the growing numbers of computer users, this became an effective medium to demonstrate the knowledge and skills of the students. From the traditional searching process for the books in the libraries, the interactive usage of computers can be now addressed as part of the library system. Reason of Choice Project: The proponents create this system to develop a system that can handle and manage the activities involved in library in an efficient and reliable way. Less managing personnel and easy searching availability and user profile managing are major goals in this project. The project is to develop a system that can replace the manual library managing system and developing a database which stores user details and book details. In addition, give reliable search facility for the users. Administrator, Librarian and Users should separate. Logins and create an easy to understand user friendly environment. Must important is to have an attractive user interfaces to navigate through the system for the users. Management Information System. Information systems play a crucial role in the management of any contemporary enterprise such as a small, medium or large organization; a profit making or a social service set up; a public or a private sector undertaking and an upcoming or an established business house. The fast changing scene of liberalization, competition and globalization combined with a never before seen emphasis on quality, timeliness, innovation, customer orientation and efficiency puts a premium on accurate, superfast and timely dissemination of information across the globe. The unprecedented developments in computing and communication technologies have indeed made such demands translatable into realizable goals. In simple terms, MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS) is a computer based system that provides flexible and speedy access to accurate data. Since management involves decision making and decisions have to be supported by accurate data, information systems should help management in decision making. Not all the data or information generated by computers is useful for management. Thus MIS is a philosophy which is far deeper and complex than the mundane processing of large amounts of corporate data by computer.

Alara Agri Case

1. Should Taner engage in consumer research for Alara Agri’s prepackaged cherries or should he attempt to persuade German and Belgian retailers to conduct some test marketing in their stores? Taner should engage in consumer research for Alara Agri’s prepackaged cherries because throughout the case, German and Belgian retailers were very pessimistic of the idea of prepackaged cherries, believing that the packaging would deter the consumers in their countries from buying because it does not give the â€Å"farm fresh feel. The German and Belgian retailers also stated that their consumers were more price sensitive, and would not be prone to packaging unlike other countries such as the UK which is an island. German and Belgian retailers were under the assumption that the UK consumer would pay more for packaged goods because they are an island, and it is not as easy to obtain such fruits and vegetables all year round.After reading studies, a Belgian report showed, â€Å"an in-store survey revealed less than 40 percent of consumers are able to state the correct price of a jar of mayonnaise immediately after purchase, more than 20 percent having no idea at all of the price charge. † A German study of consumers at supermarkets found a staggering number of just under 70 percent of purchases were made at the point of sale, and that brand meant a lot, because it distinguished quality items from not. 2. If you think consumer research is appropriate, what are the specifics of your research plan?The specifics that would be most appropriate for the research plan, would have to be having a brand/label test, as well as a price test. The ultimate goal is to propose the plan to the German and Belgian retailers, which is already touchy. The plan is to show a minute cost increase but with a return far greater with the idea of longer shelf life, as well as a brand that would stick. The challenge to overcome is to figure out how to convince the German and Belgian retailers that the cost of convenience and quality would catch on quickly as it did in Europe.The research plan will also include test marketing in the stores, perhaps with a credit to the retailers whose shelf space was wasted as a result of a failed attempt to gain a new base of consumer. All in all, getting the brand name out and getting it to stick with the meaning of quality, with an offering of good faith that if the attempt fails, the retailers would be reimburse to the fullest. 3. If you think test marketing by retail customers is appropriate, what are the specifics of your research plan?Test marketing is absolutely appropriate by retail consumers, because it allows a company to not throw all of their eggs in one basket only to have it fail. It gives the company an opportunity, as well, to determine whether or not it would be appropriate to make such a drastic change in an already established market. In order to do this, we would need retailer willingness of shelf space for any certain amount of time. We would also have to implement a consumer report of customers who picked through cherries, as opposed to customers who picked up the â€Å"punnets† of cherries.This type of comparative data would allow us to show the Belgian and German retailers an analysis of growth, profit, and gross margin, ultimately convincing, or proving the Belgian and German retailers correct. 4. Do you have any other recommendations for Mr. Taner? My only other recommendations is that Mr. Taner prove his brand and quality meet the expectations of those he is trying to convince. Rightfully so, Mr. Taner has all of the tools he needs in order to perform a thorough study which should allow him to obtain shelf space in German and Belgium, on the pretense that his changing of the market is an actual success.

Another Evening At The Club Essay Sample Essay Example

Another Evening At The Club Essay Sample Essay Example Another Evening At The Club Essay Sample Paper Another Evening At The Club Essay Sample Paper The title Another Evening at the Club is indeed close to me meaning of Just Another Evening at the Club because at the end of this story Samia the wife shows that she has empathy towards Gazia (young servant)for what she and her husband have done to her. They in a sense through a mistake have ruined Gazias reputation in town, she is being questioned by the police and will be ashamed in front of the whole town for a crime she actually did not commit. Samia is showing remorse by the narrator saying that her body was trembling uncontrollably thats what happens to you when you live with guilt I believe. And yet within a few minutes Samia and Abboud Bey gather themselves and decide to go out to the club for supper. So point being that life goes on for them as normal Just Another Evening at the Club but in reality they had changed someone elses life forever†¦. I believe that the author wants the readers to understand is what was actually lost here was life. I also believe that the narrator and Abdul-Karim was never able to get that rematch of the swimming contest, and in the meantime they also lost someone who could give them valuable information about the Arabs enemies so no one really wins. Even though if you think about it Abdul just may have been the winner here since he was not being secretive (yet) and he died an innocent man, also having withheld info. needed to help the Arabs. The narrator actually led a secretive life with the secret army, and Abdul tried to live his life to the biggest extent. I believe that the most important lesson that the narrator of The Womens Baths learns is to always respect what other people do they do it for a reason and you do not have to agree or approve of their reasoning. The grandmother who has been going to the public baths for seventy years, has the narrator join her one day and she actually really enjoys the grandmothers tradition. I think the narrator also learns that you can keep your traditions alive within you even if others (like her daughter in law)decides not to partake. What I have learned about the role of women in the societies that were described in these reading selections is this: women play a very important role in the lives of their husbands and fathers for one. Some of these women have been raised to only be a beautiful, happy and carefree person in the life of their significant other. They do not necessarily have an opinion and do not ever cause a scene or trouble. In fact as we read about the different cultures, religios beliefs, and traditional roles that each of the men and women play you come to find out that the Eastern resistance was brought about to preserve womens purity and devotion. I know that some of these women are proud of their traditions but I couldnt help but feel sorry for some of the women in these stories because I felt like they never say how they felt about certain conficts in their lives. They are people with feelings and emotions also and should have a right to express them. I think that there is another side to all of this also in the way that the grandmother handled herself in The Womens Baths. She believed that her tradition was important enough to pass on to the narrator, she wanted to show her first hand that the role that she played in everyones life at the public bath house was important also. I was proud of her while reading the story that she did not give up her tradition based on how her daughter in law felt. I think these stories showed you that there are many types of women in the world: some who invite challenge for a better life, and some who are content with the security of having a good life but maybe no opinion.

Compare and Contrast

Compare and Contrast Compare and Contrast Compare and Contrast By Maeve Maddox Jay asks â€Å"Compare with† = contrast; What are the circumstances by which one would use contrast as the verb instead? In general use, such as in writing a compare/contrast essay, compare means find the similarities and contrast means find the differences. Definitions from the OED: compare:. trans. To speak of or represent as similar; to liken. contrast: To set in opposition in order to show strikingly their different qualities or characteristics, and compare their superiorities or defects. Compare derives from Latin comparare to liken, to compare. Contrast derives from Latin contra, against plus stare, to stand. In Middle English the word was used in the literal sense to withstand or fight against as in battle. The word fell out of use until the end of the 17th century when it was reintroduced as an art term meaning to place in such juxtaposition as to bring strongly out differences of form, colour, etc., and thus to produce a striking effect. For differences in meaning between compare to and compare with, see Compared to or Compared with. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†Taser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?Quiet or Quite?

Archaeology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Archaeology - Essay Example Body Evolutionary approaches to archaeology were seen through the theories of Gordon Childe, Julian Steward, and Leslie White. Through the evaluation of the original elements of Classical cultural evolutionism, the Historical school, the Functionalist Approach, and the neo-evolutionary theory were established (Eddy, 1991). With the work of Childe, the idea of revolutions in human economy and how it can be fulfilled through an evolutionary response was also established (Eddy, 1991). Steward’s concern was based on establishing how evolution is set within parallel lines which are based on varying environmental changes. White also discussed that universal evolution can be blamed on the technical usage of energy (Garbarino, 1977). These theories highlighted the importance of the environment as a means of supporting cultural evolution (Giacobbe, n.d). The cultural ecology theory of Steward included the observation of the environment and how such environment impacts on technology. .. . Steward’s theories on multilinear evolution also had a significant impact on evolutionary approaches. Such concept secured various theories in different cultural manifestations. In so many ways, these theories were a rich and dynamic fount of knowledge where the range of global cultural differences were understood based on reasonable strategies and ideas (Willey and Sabloff, 1980). Leslie White believed that cultural evolution was also a valid theory. White discussed that the issues which classical evolutionists have encountered while implementing theories were based on standard measures in cultural change (Garbarino, 1977). He also indicated that such measurement must be based on universal concepts covering all societies and different levels of development. His theory was labelled as neo-evolutionism and his ideas were expanded and reformulated; and it later opened the door to New Archaeology founded on evolutionary theory and thought (Garbarino, 1977). The ideas of White and Steward and New Archaeology were bridged through the work and ideas of Elman Service and Marshall Sahlins. These theorists were among the first to admit how cultural evolution is very much related to biological evolution (Wenke, 1981). They established the idea of universal evolution in relation to the manifestation of human culture. They also pointed out that not all cultures go through the same stages as discussed by White. Sahlins and Service (1960) pointed out that the biological and cultural evolution shifted in different directions at one and the same time and they believed that evolution leads to diversity and the progression of certain adaptations. These two theorists further indicate that diversity causes changes which then lead to new forms and new